Recommended: How to take a dino's temperature
How warm was a dinosaur's blood? Researchers report that it was about as warm as ours, based on a chemical analysis of sauropod teeth, of all things. The novel findings, published today by the journal Science , are consistent with the view that at least some dinosaur species were warm-blooded — and suggest a way to settle the controversy conclusively.
"What we're basically doing is sticking a thermometer up a dinosaur's butt," study co-author John Eiler, a geochemist at Caltech, told me jokingly.
What the researchers actually did was to drill out samples of fossilized tooth enamel from an assortment of sauropods, the largest kind of dinosaurs. Then they analyzed how different isotopes of carbon and oxygen were bonded together in apatite, a rare form of carbonate found in the enamel.
Past experiments have shown that the heavier isotopes — carbon-13 and oxygen-18 — are more likely to clump together when the carbonates are formed at lower temperatures. At higher temperatures, the bonds are more randomly distributed, and you don't see as many of the heavy isotopes clumping together. The precise proportion of the clumped isotopes can tell you the average body temperature of a toothy organism.
"This is the basis of the 'thermometer,' but it's a thermometer where all the information that allows you to rigorously calculate temperature is preserved in a single phase," Eiler said.
He said clumped-isotope thermometry has been tested with teeth from sharks, birds, crocodiles, rhinos and elephants, "and it just works for all of them." The procedure was also tried on a woolly mammoth's 20,000-year-old teeth and the 12 million-year-old teeth of an ancient crocodile and rhino. But this is the first time results have been reported from 150 million-year-old dinosaur teeth.
The analysis was done on 11 teeth from Brachiosaurus and Camarasaurus dinosaurs from Tanzania, Oklahoma and Utah. Other samples were judged unsuitable for the sensitive chemical tests. "Did we do it perfectly?" Eiler said. "We believe that we found a result that we're confident in, but it's not easy."
Luis Chiappe, director of the Dinosaur Institute at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, told me in an email that the findings were "quite interesting and promising."
Warm blood ... but warm-blooded?
Procedure For Donating Body To Science - News
Next spring, a British woman is set to become the first person in the world to donate her uterus to her daughter. If the procedure works, it will be the first successful uterus transplant in the world, researchers say, and only the second time the
Served up by Alan Boyle, science editor. E-mail Alan, or connect via Facebook or Twitter. An artist's conception shows a typical sauropod with a long neck, long tail and massive body. By Alan Boyle How warm was a dinosaur's blood?
McDermid et al. write thrillers that are steeped in the minutiae of forensic science and depend for their effects on the verisimilitude of the technical information they include, which is often supplied by consultations with professionals in the field.
Almost two years after the first cases were reported, the US Public Health Service recommended that people avoid sexual contact with people known or suspected of having AIDS and that persons of increased risk for AIDS refrain from donating blood.
If the procedure is a success, Sara Ottosson will have her own eggs fertilized using her boyfriend's sperm then implanted into her donated womb, the Telegraph said. She said she wasn't concerned about receiving her mother's uterus.
Donating Body To Science - Electric Current in the Human Body – A ...
Aim:
To prove that the human body is able to produce electric current with the help of a simple experiment.
Materials Required:
1.A plate made of copper and another made of aluminum.
2.DC micro ammeter to measure current's intensity.
3.A couple of crocodile clips.
4.Wire made of lead.
5.Two pieces of wood.
Procedure:
1.Take the copper and aluminum metal plates and mount them on the two pieces of wood, kept apart.
2.Using hookup wire and crocodile clips connect the two terminals of the DC micro ammeter to the two plates. The DC micro ammeter is used to measure electric current in a closed circuit. It is available in any local electrical shop.
3.Now mount each of your hand on both the plates. We will see that the ammeter shows deflection. If it does not show any reading then reassemble by reversing the connection. If it still doesn't show any deflection then plates need to be cleaned.
4.Now drench both hands and place again on the metal plates. Is there any difference in the meter reading? If so is it more than what we got with dry hand?
Scientific Explanation:
We see that there is slight deflection in the ammeter reading. The reason is because there is a thin film of sweat in our hands and the same acts as acid like in a battery. This results in a chemical reaction with both the plates- the copper and aluminum plate. In the process our hand gets negatively charged by taking a negatively charged subatomic particle (electron) from copper. The aluminum metal on the other hand gets negatively charged as an electron is donated by the other hand to the aluminum metal plate. This difference in charge (also known as potential difference) results in an electric current which is shown by deflection in the ammeter.
When both hands are wet we get a higher reading. It is because our body acts as a resistor while water reduces this resistance leading to increase in current flow.
By,
Mejason John.
Get details on experiments like Egg in a bottle and other interesting Science Fair Projects from Science Fair Projects Hub.
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